Chirurgie du sein
Tumorectomie
C’est l'ablation chirurgicale d'un nodule du sein ou d’une zone dans laquelle des micro-calcifications ont été mises en évidence.
Cette intervention peut se faire d’emblée ou après ponction ou biopsie préalable.
Si le nodule ou les calcifications sont bénins, l'intervention se limitera à leur ablation.
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Mastectomie
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Ganglion sentinelle
On appelle exérèse du ganglion sentinelle l'intervention qui consiste à identifier, prélever et analyser le ou les premiers ganglion(s) lymphatique(s) de l'aisselle qui drainent la lymphe venant du sein (de la tumeur).
Si ce ganglion sentinelle est libre de toute cellule suspecte, il n’est pas besoin de réaliser l’ablation des autres ganglions.
Dans le cas contraire, il faut réaliser un curage (une ablation) des ganglions de l’aisselle car il y a un risque d’atteinte des autres ganglions situés plus haut.
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Curage axillaire
Un curage axillaire a pour but d'enlever toutes les cellules cancéreuses qui auraient pu se propager jusqu'aux ganglions lymphatiques et ainsi de réduire le risque de récidive de la maladie.
Il permet aussi de préciser si la maladie progresse au-delà du sein et donc de contribuer au choix des traitements complémentaires à la chirurgie.
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